[فيزيائي 2009]

الى الفيزيائي الصغير .. قصور الفيزياء التقليدية ونشوء نظرية الكم

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Limitations of traditional physics, a quantum theory of two decades of the nineteenth century physicists thought they got to build integrated physics Newton interpreted and resolved mechanics and aerodynamics and Maxwell equations describing the wave nature predicts statistical mechanics that are of more general laws in physics traditional in this sections has integrated this science, they explain almost all phenomena discovered at that time, but the presence of scientists who believe view certain weaknesses in this edifice make it for them not as perceived by others, some phenomena which have bed did not find it even interpret couldn't solve equations different branches collected together. It is possible to sum up these difficulties with the first two are unable to discover earth movement through observation of rays of light and also contrary to the laws of Physics of mercury's orbit Newton forecasts, the second group is opposed to the values measured in the lab with theoretical values in both the specific heat of gases and separate lines visible spectrum and also black body radiation, and the group then has interpreted by relative to Einstein second group with quantum theory has interpreted that sparked defuse them world German Blanc and revolutionized in physics as caused by the theoretical and comparative perspectives are two pillars of modern physics and here will highlight how quantum theory emerged where lies the weaknesses of traditional physics and quantum theory of how resolved. Know the specific heat of the article as the quantity of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram 1 percentage. This definition also know that when we raise the temperature the average kinetic energy of Meteor article will increase the rate of increase of the average kinetic energy is the same for all temperatures this traditional physics point of view but the pilot results, results showed that opposes the specific heat of low-temperature gas carrying more cooling, by virtue of a kinetic theory of Maxwell with Newton's laws-the theory of Maxwell popup of Newton's laws, the laws of Newton is limited this beginning cracked wonderful traditional physics building. Take other difficulty represented by the black body radiation-perfect black body is an object absorbs all rays dropped it and does not reflect any Ray and difficulty finding this body had considered a spherical hollow inside and opaque and a very small hole as an example of black body — if we Ray inside the body, the beam will suffer many repercussions due to the small possible exit rays from the hole more rays will suck by inner surface of the body and is at the same time radiating radiation rate absorbed radiation (during thermal balance) to differentiate between radiation, reflection, the radiation is a rays vary in their reluctance and characteristics of radiation absorbed either flip the rays reflected the same hesitation and fallen rays properties not experiencing any interaction with surface reflector-taking rays from inside the body to their spectrum by publication and then measuring pulling each wavelength radiation any each color by alvotomitr, when collecting the results of this experiment represented graphically relationship between severity of radiation as a dependent variable with vertical and horizontal axis wavelength as independent variable Planck found that this relationship graphs featuring some of the features are as follows: when wavelengths lower note value while radiation is highest when a particular color curve drop to zero and then quickly when short wavelengths and note also that by increasing the temperature curve shifts Summit to short wavelengths and area under the curve is also increasing temperature and reflect this space for total energy emanating from inside the body per second body radiation rate thus grow. Therefore, it was noted that the increasing temperature increase rapidly vibrating body in all colors and radiation color changes from red to blue hitter and finally to white. For traditional physics of these information concluded some results it was noted that the energy body radiation rate commensurate directly proportional to the fourth power of absolute temperature and concluded this relationship pilot Boltzmann either theoretically vastentgha Stephane consequently called on the Stefan-Boltzmann law. Act II is the relationship between the value of top curve and temperature when hitting the value curve Summit with its temperature, the output is the same number of any fixed number and renamed this relationship with Finn offsets and may draw Finn of laws Maxwell to radiation. These findings are best found him