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Algo- Heuristic Theory



Landa's theory deals with modeling expert performance and the underlying internal processes of the expert, in order to create instructional and training methods. There are several goals of the theory including teaching general methods of thinking, facilitating higher-order thinking skills and teaching learners to use the same mental processes, which may often be hidden, for situations that have similar logical structures. If the internal processes of the expert can be identified and broken down into their components, the expertise can be taught to others. Mental operations, physical processes, and units of knowledge were the elements to be determined and reproduced.

Landa proposed that operations had to be executed in a well-structured sequence (algorithm) for the strategy to work. In this framework, students are taught not only information, but internal strategies, and how to elicit the strategies of others. The contexts of language acquisition and mathematics have been of particular interest for Landa and others using this paradigm.



Landa identified three kinds of knowledge (images, concepts and propositions) and operations (mental manipulations). Operations are processes for transforming real objects and/or the mental images that represent them. Thus, both motor and cognitive processes are involved in this view of knowledge.

Images - internal images or mental pictures

Concepts - Sets of characteristics and features that represent an object

Propositions- an object's constituent elements and relationships among objects

Algorithmic processes consist of a series of elementary operations that are performed in a regular, uniform manner and are designed to solve a particular class of problems. These sequences are ideally performed in the same way every time. Examples might include shooting free-throws in basketball, or bowling.

Heuristic processes involve some sort of decision making. Heuristic processes tend to branch out as in a flow chart, with the operator making decisions and one or more choice points in response to changing conditions. Examples might be having a conversation or discussion, or diagnosing a problem.

References:

Landa, L. (1974).

Landa, L. (1999)

Kearsley, G. (n.d.) Algo-Heuristic Theory (L. Landa). Retrieved 11/09/2002 from http:tip.psychology.org/landa.html

Brooks, C. T. (n.d.). Algo-Heuristic Theory. Retrieved 3/1/2003 from http://comp.uark.edu/~brooks/algo.html